Cinnamomum verumJ. Presl

(Tvak)



Common nameTvak
HabitTree
HabitatEvergreen and riparian forests, also cultivated
Parts usedStem bark

Synonyms

Sr. No. Synonyms
1Laurus rigida Wall.
2Laurus cinnamifera Stokes
3Laurus cinnamomea Salisb.
4Laurus montana Link ex Meisn.
5Laurus culitlaban Buch.-Ham. ex Nees
6Laurus cinnamomum L.
7Persea cinnamomum Spreng.
8Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. cassia Meisn.
9Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. cordifolium Hayne
10Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. foeniculaceum Meisn.
11Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. inodorum Meisn.
12Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. microphyllum Meisn.
13Camphora mauritiana Lukman.
14Camphorina cinnamomum (L.) Farw.
15Cinnamomum alexii Kosterm.
16Cinnamomum antillarum Lukman.
17Cinnamomum aromaticum J.Graham
18Cinnamomum barthii Lukman.
19Cinnamomum bengalense Lukman.
20Cinnamomum biafranum Lukman.
21Cinnamomum bonplandii Lukman.
22Cinnamomum boutonii Lukman.
23Cinnamomum capense Lukman.
24Cinnamomum carolinense var. oblongum Kaneh.
25Cinnamomum cayennense Lukman.
26Cinnamomum cinnamomum (L.) H.Karst.
27Cinnamomum commersonii Lukman.
28Cinnamomum cordifolium Blume ex Lukman.
29Cinnamomum decandollei Lukman.
30Cinnamomum delessertii Lukman.
31Cinnamomum ellipticum Lukman.
32Cinnamomum erectum Lukman.
33Cinnamomum humboldtii Lukman.
34Cinnamomum iners Wight
35Cinnamomum karrouwa Lukman.
36Cinnamomum leptopus A.C.Sm.
37Cinnamomum leschenaultii Lukman.
38Cinnamomum madrassicum Lukman.
39Cinnamomum maheanum Lukman.
40Cinnamomum mauritianum Lukman.
41Cinnamomum meissneri Lukman.
42Cinnamomum ovatum Lukman.
43Cinnamomum pallasii Lukman.
44Cinnamomum pleei Lukman.
45Cinnamomum pourretii Lukman.
46Cinnamomum regelii Lukman.
47Cinnamomum riedelii Lukman.
48Cinnamomum roxburghii Lukman.
49Cinnamomum sieberi Lukman.
50Cinnamomum sonneratii Lukman.
51Cinnamomum vaillantii Lukman.
52Cinnamomum variabile Lukman.
53Cinnamomum wolkensteinii Lukman.
54Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume
55Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. asperifolium Lukman.
56Cinnamomum zollingeri Lukman.
57Cinnamomum maheanum var. karrouwa Lukman.
58Cinnamomum mathewianum Remya Kr., E.S.S.Kumar, Radhamany, Valsalad. & R.Jagad.
59Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. subcordatum Meisn.
60Laurus cassia Burm.f.
61Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. commune Meisn.
62Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. vulgare Hayne
63Cinnamomum zeylanicum subsp. antillanum Lukman.
64Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. cordifolium Blume ex Lukman.
65Cinnamomum zeylanicum unr. chartaceum
66Laurus cinnamomum unr. makoyanum Jacob-Makoy

Taxonomical information

KingdomViridiplantae
PhylumStreptophyta
ClassMagnoliopsida
OrderLaurales
FamilyLauraceae
GenusCinnamomum
SpeciesCinnamomum verum J. Presl

Vernacular names

SanskritDarusita
EnglishCinnamom bark
HindiDalchini
KannadaDalchini chakke
MarathiDalchini
MalayalamKaruvapatta, Ilavarngathely
BengaliDaruchini, Darchini
TamilLavangapattai, Karuvapattai
Telugu
UrduDarchini

Morphology

Tree grows up to a height of 7-10 m. Leaves are oblong, ovate shaped, dark glossy green and with a three prominent nerves from the base, leathery and approximately 7–20 cm in length. Flowers of C. verum are small, yellow in colour, paniculate. The fruits are black, pulpy, aromatic and elliptical with single seed

Distribution

It is cultivated in South India, Sri Lanka, Malagasy Republic and Seychelles

Medicinal uses

Dryness of mouth, thirst, throat and mouth diseases, Sinusitis, helminthiasis, urinary tract disorder, piles, and heart related diseases

References

1Manosi, D., Suvra, M., Budhimanta, M., and Jayram, H. (2013). Ethnobotany, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum blume. International research journal of pharmacy, 4, 58-63.
2Rani, A., Pande, C., Tewari, G., and Patni, K. (2017). A review on aroma profile of cinnamomum species in north and north east India. World J. Pharm. Res, 6, 200-221.
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