Abbreviations
FMN = Flavin Mono Nucleotide; FAD = Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide; ATP = Adenine Triphosphate; ADP = Adenine Diphosphate; AMP = Adenine Monophosphate; ppi = Pyrophosphate pi=Inorganic phosohate; H2O=Water; Mg2+ = Magnesium ions; Zn2+=Zinc ions; re(n)= reaction (n); RFK = Riboflavin Kinase; ACP(1, 2, 5) = Acid Phosphatase (1, 2, 5); ENPP(1, 3) = Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase(1, 3); FLAD1 = Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Synthetase 1; SLC52A(1, 2, 3) = Solute Carrier Family 52 Member (1, 2, 3); BLVRB = Biliverdin Reductase B
Riboflavin: Introduction
Riboflavin belongs to the B complex vitamin family, yellow colored compound when crystalized.It is water soluble, heat stable (up to 120oC) and very sensitive to the visible light. (Northrop-Clewes and Thurnham, 2012).It is synthesized in plants and microorganisms but for humans it is an essential nutrient. (Northrop-Clewes and Thurnham, 2012).The RDA for riboflavin for adults is 1.3 mg/day for men and 1.1 mg/day for women (Kennedy, 2016).It is very important in many redox reactions in biochemical pathways such as metabolism of ketone bodies, proteins, carbohydrates. (Powers, 2003). The two important forms of riboflavin are FMN and FAD.Riboflavin is also known as vitamin B2, it is an essential nutrient in achieving optimal health & plays a crucial role in metabolism. Riboflavin is also involved in one carbon metabolism via the enzyme 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (5, 10-MTHFR) which uses the riboflavin derivative FAD for the catalysis of 5, 10-MTHFR to 5-MTHFR which serves as the methyl donor in the conversion of Homocysteine to Methionine.
Structure of Riboflavin
